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Foundational·🏦 Banking·JPMorgan · Goldman Sachs · Visa

Design
ATM Machine

Design an ATM system supporting card authentication, balance inquiry, cash withdrawal, and deposit operations.

#State Machine#Security
Start Solving 7F + 4NF requirements inside

01 -  Why interviewers ask this

ATMs force you to reason about a strict state machine and money correctness under concurrency — two things interviewers love probing even in an "easy" question.

02 -  Where this system exists in the real world

You interact with this design every day.

Physical bank ATMs and cash recycling machines

Self-service kiosks for bill payment and deposits

Point-of-sale terminals with card + PIN auth flows

03 -  What you'll master

Solve this once. Know it forever.

01

Model a card/PIN authentication state machine

02

Handle cash dispensing with denomination constraints

03

Keep transaction and account balance updates atomic

04 -  What you'll design

7 functional · 4 non-functional requirements.

User inserts card and enters PIN for authentication

6 more requirements inside

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05 -  Companies that ask this

You may face this exact question in your next interview.

J
JPMorgan
G
Goldman Sachs
V
Visa

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